Journal of Türkiye Media Academy

Qualitative and Semiotic Analyses on Michael Haneke's Cinema in the Context of Alienation: ‘‘City Trilogy’’

Feyza Koşar Özen, Associate Professor Dr Süleyman Sırrı Yılmaz — Sun, 28 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This article aims to conduct semiotic and qualitative analyses of Michael Haneke's urban trilogy, a film that holds a significant place in world cinema, within the framework of the concept of alienation in his work. In this context, the films that form the basis of this study, The Seventh Continent, Benny's Video, and 71 Fragments of a Chronology of Chance, were examined and analyzed in detail. Based on the analyses, Haneke focuses on nearly the same themes in all three films. He frequently touches upon the concept of alienation in his films, often addressing issues such as social decay, suicide, media, violence, and death. Michael Heneke challenges traditional film narratives by exploring the crisis and loneliness brought about by modernism. Unlike Hollywood and similar pop-culture films, Heneke aims to expose social problems, raise awareness, and foster a cognitive process in the audience.

Post-Independence Azerbaijani Television: Evolving Media Structures and Challenges Faced

Prof. Dr. Sevil Hasanova — Sun, 28 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This article comprehensively addresses the challenges, opportunities, and proposed solutions faced by Azerbaijani television channels in the post-independence period. Since the mid-20th century, television has undergone a profound transformation with digitalization and new technologies. In Azerbaijan, this transformation has been shaped by the rapid advancement of digital broadcasting and developments such as internet-based broadcasting (IPTV and OTT). However, this process has encountered significant barriers such as infrastructure deficiencies, financial challenges, and a lack of digital literacy. Local television channels, in particular, are struggling to invest in digital technologies and facing financial difficulties in transitioning to HD broadcasting. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the need for the development of digital skills among media professionals and the widespread dissemination of digital literacy training. Digital divide is exacerbating inequalities between rural and urban areas, limiting television's role in fostering social integration. The study employs a scanning method to review existing literature, access current statistics on the subject, and conduct an in-depth evaluation based on these data. Proposed solutions include creating alternative revenue models to ensure financial sustainability, increasing cultural and educational content, strengthening the presence on digital platforms, and promoting the widespread implementation of data journalism practices. Additionally, it is highlighted that the government should develop incentive policies for the television sector. The smooth operation of the digitalization process will allow Azerbaijan's media sector to become more competitive, accessible, and sustainable on a global scale.

The Role of Internet Television in Local and International Media

Tural Valimatov — Sun, 28 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This study aims to comprehensively analyze the position of internet-based television broadcasting in the new media environment where digitalization is accelerating. In the article, the structural operations of digital broadcasting platforms such as IPTV, OTT TV, and YouTube, the diversity of services they offer, and the advantages they provide compared to traditional television broadcasting are examined with a multidimensional approach. In particular, Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) and Over-the-Top Television (OTT TV) systems are comparatively analyzed in terms of technical infrastructure, content presentation methods, and user experience; it is emphasized that IPTV is based on closed network systems controlled by internet service providers and telecommunications operators, whereas OTT TV delivers content without being dependent on any network provider. YouTube’s position in the context of OTT TV is evaluated especially in terms of advertising, target audience analysis, and content optimization within digital media strategies. Additionally, the study conducts a detailed literature review and examination of data concerning the development of internet television broadcasting in Azerbaijan within the framework of existing media regulations and legal infrastructure. In this context, based on the "Law on Media of the Republic of Azerbaijan," the structural and functional differences between traditional media and digital media are revealed; legal sanctions and control mechanisms faced by internet television channels according to their level of professionalism are analyzed. In conclusion, the article aims to reveal the position of internet television broadcasting within the new media ecosystem both locally and globally, and the potential future directions it may follow.

A Research on Ahmet Agaoglu's Participation in the1st Turkish History Congres and His Political, Ideological Thoughts

Mahir Garibov — Sun, 28 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0300

20. yüzyılın başlarında basın toplumun siyasi-politik düşüncesinin oluşumu ve bilgisinin şekillendirilmesinde önemli rol oynadı. Gazeteci kimliğiyle tanınan Ahmet Ağaoğlu da, Türkiye'de ve özellikle Ankara'daki sosyo-politik olayları değerlendirmeyi amaçlayan siyasi fikirlerini gazetecilik görüşleri ışığında yorumladı. Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Millî Mücadele döneminde Anadolu Ajansı'nın yeniden yapılandırılmasını gerekli görmüş ve bu sorumluluğu, Matbuat ve İstihbarat Genel Müdürlüğü görevinin ardından Ahmet Bey’e tevdi etmiştir. Bu çerçevede, 1924 yılında Ahmet Ağaoğlu, Anadolu Ajansı’nın Genel Müdürü ve aynı zamanda Yönetim Kurulu Başkanı olarak bir süre görev yapmıştır. Öte yandan, 1932 yılında Ankara’da gerçekleştirilen I. Türk Tarih Kongresi, Türk milletinin tarihî kökenlerini ve kültürel bütünlüğünü vurgulayan önemli bir dönüm noktası olmuştur. Millî Mücadele’nin en ağrılı döneminde aldığı sorumluluğun farkında olan Ahmet Ağaoğlu, bu kongredeki katılımıyla, da Türk tarihine dair görüşlerini ve ideolojik duruşunu açıkça ortaya koymuş, Türk toplumunun kadim hukuk sistemlerini inceleyerek, kökensel hukuki yapıları ve gelenekleri, özellikle de aile hukukunu Batı'nın ve Hint-Avrupa toplumlarının anlayışlarıyla karşılaştırmış ve Türk toplumunun özgünlüklerini vurgulamıştır. Makalede Ahmet Ağaoğlu'nun I. Türk Tarih Kongresi'ne katılımını ve ideolojik düşüncelerini akademik bir perspektiften ele alınacak, Ağaoğlu’nun kongredeki konuşması, düşünsel katkıları, milliyetçilik, modernleşme ve laiklik ekseninde analiz edilecektir.

Digital Transformation from Static Typography to Kinetic Typography

Sun, 28 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0300

With digitalization, the field of design has undergone significant changes, incorporating the concept of movement into static typography. The movement added to typography, along with appropriately shaped forms and integrated graphics, has become crucial in conveying the desired information more effectively and strengthening thematic expressions. At the same time, communication methods and visual language have evolved and diversified with technological advancements. Thus, the integration of technology with art has transformed the static graphic design language, reshaping the structure, form, space, and temporal elements of new media technologies into a kinetic framework. When examining the difference between static and kinetic typography, it can be stated that kinetic typography is a subfield of motion typography. While motion typography generally refers to the movement of typography, kinetic typography not only involves visual motion but also ensures that this movement aligns with meaning and content. In this way, kinetic typography plays a deeper role than motion typography in conveying meaning and emotion to the audience. In this study, the use of static (stationary) and kinetic (moving) typography in websites and informative animation videos has been analyzed by associating it with relevant examples. In line with this objective, the study reflects the use of static and kinetic typography in different fields and their interactions with one another. The selected samples, determined to support the study, were randomly chosen from existing or published websites featuring static and kinetic typography and informative animation videos. The research was conducted using a qualitative research design, with data obtained through a literature review analyzed using a descriptive analysis method. This study demonstrates that with contemporary technology, the transformation of static typography into a kinetic form is mutually supportive, highlighting the differences in their areas of application. The anticipated future development of technology is considered significant in contributing to the designs created for future typography-related studies. The research was carried out through a qualitative research design, with data obtained from literature reviews and interpreted using a descriptive analysis method.

Academic Production in Communication Disciplines at Turkish Universities from an Artificial Intelligence Perspective: Bibliometric Analysis of Public Relations, Journalism, Radio-Television, and Advertising Fields

Assistant Professor Ahmet Aydın — Sun, 28 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This study aims to analyze the academic production on artificial intelligence (AI) within communication disciplines (Public Relations, Journalism, Radio-Television, Advertising) at Turkish universities between 2000 and 2024, using a bibliometric method. By examining 34 theses published in the YÖK National Thesis Center according to year, discipline, thematic focus, thesis type, language distribution, and university type, the transformative impact of AI on communication processes and its academic reflections are revealed. The research is significant for mapping the current state of AI integration and identifying gaps and potential areas for development in academic output. The rationale for this study is founded on the need to evaluate AI-themed research within the local context and the necessity for interdisciplinary collaboration. The findings indicate that thesis production on AI has increased post-2018, with Public Relations leading the discourse and state universities demonstrating dominance. However, sustainable development is constrained by infrastructural deficiencies, a lack of AI literacy, and ethical concerns (data privacy, algorithmic bias, job displacement). While AI offers innovative approaches in areas such as social media analytics, automated content generation, crisis management, and personalized communication, its integration with platforms like the Metaverse presents ongoing ethical and technical challenges. The study highlights the innovative potential of AI in communication disciplines but argues for the development of robust ethical frameworks and enhanced interdisciplinary collaborations. This analysis provides data-driven recommendations for policymakers and academics, shedding light on the future of communication education in Turkey.

The Usability of Meaningless Reduplications in Cartoons in the Context of Their Role in Conveying Emotions and Thoughts in Children: The Fu-Fu Example

Lecturer Dr Melis Taş, Uğur Bolat — Sun, 28 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0300

In language development, children learn by imitating the sounds, words, and expressions they hear in their environment. This study examines the processes by which children learn by imitating the sounds and expressions they hear in their environment during language development. Even though children may not fully grasp the meaning of some words, they can develop their language skills by using ‘meaningless reduplications’, which are notable for their rhythmic and melodic structure. Meaningless reduplications are sound combinations that, while generally not meaningful, play a significant role in children's language learning processes through musicality and repetition. For example, expressions like ‘fu-fu’ are called ‘meaningless reduplications’ because they lack a specific meaning, yet they can have positive effects on language development. This study examines the use of nonsensical doublings in cartoons and their effects on children's emotional expression, language development, and creative thinking skills. It has been demonstrated that nonsensical doublings expand children's vocabulary, help them understand the rhythmic structure of language, and support creative thinking processes. It is also emphasized that these doublings strengthen children's emotional expressions and enable them to communicate their emotional states more effectively. It is clear that the use of such doublings in cartoons significantly contributes to children's language and emotional development. The research, based on various linguistic and psychological studies conducted worldwide, comprehensively examines the effects of nonsensical doublings on developing children's perception and communication skills. The methodology of this research is based on document analysis, a qualitative research method. Document analysis involves the process of gathering information through the systematic examination of existing documents and materials. The research population was determined as ‘language development in children’ and ‘auditory and visual communication tools’, and within this framework, ‘meaningless reduplications’ and ‘cartoons’ were selected as samples. This method allows for an in-depth examination of the role of meaningless reduplications in children's language development and the effects of language use in cartoons, enriched by existing literature. Thus, the dynamics of children's language development and the effects of communication tools are revealed.

Football on Social Media: Analysis of Journalists' X Posts

Assistant Professor Harun Dağ, Berkay Arlı Gül — Sun, 28 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Technological developments have influenced the practice of journalism throughout history. Among communication technologies, the internet is one of the most important developments affecting journalism. Social media, which has become an indispensable part of both personal and social communication as an extension of the internet, has also contributed to the transformation of journalism.Social media has gradually become a means of reaching individuals, and journalists have begun to establish a presence on social networks in order to reach their target audience. Sports journalists use their personal accounts to report on sports developments, which are an important part of the social media agenda. This study analyzes football posts made by sports journalists on X. Using content analysis, the study examined posts made by 16 journalists between April 15, 2025, and May 15, 2025. The analysis revealed that journalists generally use their social media accounts actively. The study also found that journalists' football posts received a high level of engagement. In addition, it has been revealed that sports journalists utilize the advantages of social media platforms (mentions, hashtags, multimedia, etc.) to inform their target audience and that the majority of their posts (41.52%) use formal language.

New Social Movements in the Context of Digital Activism: A Systematic Literature Review Through National Literature

Maşide Karaca — Sun, 28 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Developments in technology, especially in communication technologies, have radically transformed the structure of social movements and forms of social action. This development in technologies and the proliferation of new media have enabled communities and individuals to express their wishes more quickly and visibly. It is possible to define digital activism as individuals realizing their demands in digital environments, and social movements, which also stand out as a form of digital activism, as organizations with flexible and horizontal structures on digital platforms. This study aims to examine the impact of the digital age on social movements, to determine how digital activism has become a power element, and to address the relationship between digital activism and new social movements by creating certain categories through a systematic literature review. In this context, studies published in Turkish and English between 2010 and 2025 were examined; 79 studies were analyzed as a result of the search using the keywords “digital activism”, “new social movements”, “online activism”, “online activism” in the Dergi Park, Google Scholar and YÖKTEZ databases. The findings of the study revealed that digital activism effectively increases the speed of spread of new social movements in terms of their visibility and organizational capacity, and accelerates the participation of individuals in social movements, especially through digital media platforms. Digital activism, which increases the massification and online visibility of new social movements, should be considered a mobilizing element in social transformation processes; however, it should be supported by offline organizations and actions for social change.

Capitalism, Space, and the Politics of Escape in Castaway on the Moon

Öğr. Gör. Dr. Saygın Koray Doğaner — Sun, 28 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This study examines Castaway on the Moon through the lens of capitalism’s spatial theory and the politics of escape in order to show in detail how late capitalist pressures, along with technology-driven forms of isolation, reshape individual subjectivity in complex ways. The purpose is to develop a careful, scene-based spatial reading that links the most ordinary everyday practices to reversible movements between utopia and dystopia, and to demonstrate how these shifts occur within the specific visual and narrative strategies of the film. The significance of this approach lies in connecting Korean cinema to wider international debates on the production of space while also proposing a transferable and adaptable model for spatial analysis in film studies that can be applied beyond this particular case. The research employs qualitative textual and spatial analysis of carefully selected scenes, with each scene treated as a coherent unit composed of both image and action. Findings indicate that the island functions as a counter-space that slows down the perception of time and enables practices of self-sufficiency, while the enclosed room concentrates speed, visibility, and consumption. These two poles do not remain fixed or static oppositions but rather flow into one another, showing a dynamic and unstable process of negotiation. The article contributes an integrated method that demonstrates how isolation gradually becomes a fragile politics of escape through small yet significant rearrangements of space, daily routine, and patterns of attention. Finally, the conclusion discusses the broader implications for studies of late capitalist everyday life, as well as for comparative analyses within Korean cinema, highlighting how spatial practices illuminate the tensions between confinement and freedom.

Evaluation Of Athlete Identity and Internet Addiction Of 9-14 Years Old Middle School Students

Semra Kuvat, Cengiz Arslan, Muhammed Perihan — Sun, 28 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Rapid advances in communication and technology have rapidly integrated smartphones, computers, and the internet into our lives. Over time, people have developed addictions to these technological devices and the internet. This has led to a shift in the interest of children and young people towards these areas. Thus, the number of people living sedentary lives, intertwined with the internet from a very young age, has rapidly increased. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the relationship between the sports participation status and internet addiction levels of middle school students aged 9-14 studying at various middle schools in Elazığ province. The research population consisted of middle school students between the ages of 9-14, and the sample consisted of 450 students of the same age group studying in Elazığ province. The research findings revealed that the internet addiction level of students who did not participate in sports was lower than that of students who did. This result indicates that students who participated in sports had lower internet addiction levels than those who did not (t: 2.512; p<0.05). A highly significant difference was found between the average athlete identity scores of students who participated in sports (3.33) and those who did not (2.81) (t: -6.440; p<0.05). Consequently, it can be said that students who participated in sports had lower internet addiction. Furthermore, there was a negative, moderate correlation between the internet addiction (IAA) and athlete identity (ACA) levels of the students participating in the study. Consequently, it can be said that the internet addiction level of middle school students is significantly affected by their sports participation.

Women, Plague, and Temporal Reality in Ingmar Bergman's The Seventh Seal

Sun, 28 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Cinema, presenting the experiences and social realities of different stages of human history on a visual and narrative plane, plays a central role in the construction of individual and collective memory. Through cinema’s power to reach mass audiences, historical events and social issues can be conveyed effectively. Cinema, beyond entertainment, links the past and present, disseminates historical knowledge, and conveys social issues to wide audiences. This study aims to examine the situation of women who were demonized as witches during the 14th-century plague epidemic through Ingmar Bergman’s film The Seventh Seal.” The study examines superstitions that emerged in medieval Europe in response to epidemics. Based on the fact that women were accused of witchcraft and burned, the characters and events in the film have been analyzed in the context of temporal reality. The historical and scientific accuracy of the scenes in the film has been examined using document analysis methods. The study revealed that irrational explanations were sought for events that occurred during the Middle Ages. It was determined that the church and clergy played an active role in the emergence of these irrational phenomena. In addition, it has been assessed that, in line with the class interests of religious leaders and nobles, accusations were leveled against disadvantaged individuals, particularly women, and that they were subjected to torture. The findings also include allegations that women collaborated with the devil, practiced witchcraft, and were responsible for social disasters. During this process, the fact that society adopted irrational justifications under the influence of propaganda, which in turn fuelled witch hunts and violence against women, was also among the important findings of the analysis.

Luxury Brand Ads On TikTok: A Study Of Fashion And Narrative Strategies

Dr Yasemin Keskin Yılmaz, Assistant Professor — Sun, 28 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The representation of luxury consumption in digital media has undergone a significant transformation, particularly with the advent of social media platforms. Traditionally associated with material privilege and flashy displays, luxury has begun to be redefined through aesthetic preferences, cultural capital, and identity construction in digital environments with high user engagement with the rise of digital platforms. This study examines the content production strategies of luxury fashion brands Gucci, Dior, Balmain, Moncler, and Louis Vuitton on an interaction-based platform like TikTok. The aim is to reveal how these brands' digital representations are shaped by user interaction within a multilayered narrative framework. Fifteen TikTok videos were evaluated using descriptive content analysis. The visual composition, musical preferences, narrative styles, and user comments in the videos were examined separately. It was determined that some brands tend to adapt to the fast-paced consumption cycle with striking short narratives, while others developed strategies to deepen their aesthetic narratives with historical references. Furthermore, it was observed that user comments play a significant role in shaping the content's meaning. TikTok is no longer just a platform for content consumption; it's transforming into a cultural space where meaning is co-constructed through user participation. In this context, it's concluded that luxury in the digital environment is not merely a visual indicator of status; it's become a multilayered narrative intertwining identity, aesthetic experience, and cultural belonging.

GTA IV in the Context of Simulation, Crime Aesthetics, and Digital Addiction: A Hyperreal Experience in New Media

Dr Büşra Faim Sarıkaya Tünalp, Assistant Professor — Sun, 28 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0300

In contemporary new media environments, individuals’ interaction with media content is not solely for the purposes of information acquisition or entertainment; it also plays a critical role in identity construction, the internalization of social norms, and the reconfiguration of reality perception. Grand Theft Auto IV (GTA IV), with its hyperreal fictional universe, open-world structure, and mission-based narrative design, operates as a multilayered media product that directly influences the player’s ethical, psychological, and sociological domains, far beyond serving as a mere source of entertainment. The study first outlines the differences between traditional and digital games and subsequently analyzes the game's production of hyperreality within the framework of Jean Baudrillard’s theory of simulation. The boundaries between representation and reality are blurred, leading to the emergence of a simulated experience that gradually replaces the individual’s perception of reality. GTA IV allows players to engage in illegal acts that are unattainable in real life; yet, these experiences transcend the boundaries of the virtual, becoming alternative life forms that shape the player's cognitive framework. Secondly, the study evaluates how crime is aestheticized and legitimized within the narrative and visual design of the game. The cinematic presentation of violence, the instrumentalization of illicit acts for narrative progression, and the heroic portrayal of confrontations with law enforcement contribute to the transformation of crime from an ethical issue into a consumable object of visual and emotional pleasure. This aestheticization creates a potentially risky domain, particularly for young players, in which societal value systems may be reconstructed under the influence of the game. Finally, the study addresses the risk of digital addiction by examining game mechanics such as variable reward structures, mission-based progression, and the emotional investment in digital identity. The integration of in-game achievements with the player's sense of self-worth transforms gameplay from a leisure activity into a mechanism that satisfies psychosocial needs. This mode of interaction highlights the neuropsychological dimensions of digital addiction, which are not solely time-based but also related to identity, success, and belonging. Overall, the study reveals how GTA IV functions as a media artifact that reflects the cultural logic of the digital age through its simulation mechanics, aestheticized depiction of crime, and behavioral design that fosters dependency.